Recycling and the Law of Unintended Consequences

It's no longer news that rising commodity costs (such as oil) have been making alternative commodity sources (say, like tar sands) increasingly cost-effective.

But it is news when the reverse happens.

A paper mill in the central Canadian province of Manitoba is no longer accepting paper for recycling because the price of newsprint has dropped so low that it's no longer cost effective to recycle.

Instead, the mill plans to simply cut down trees to make its paper.

A memo earlier this month, obtained by Recycling Today, from the Tembec (TSE: TMB) mill in Pine Falls, Manitoba to its suppliers said the company will no longer accept the 100 tonnes of recycled paper it had been de-inking and processing every day.

Temec mill Pine Falls

Neither pines nor falls are visible in this photo of Tembec's Pine Falls plant.

The company blames media for becoming increasingly electronic (um, whoops!). Specifically, as more people read their news online, the price of newsprint to make papers has plummeted, Tembec said, and it's cheaper to use new trees to make paper.

Some 200,000 more trees each year are now to be consumed by the mill, undermining arguments by electronic media that their operations save trees.

Yet, as a significant North American forestry company, expect that the company will be held to replanting those trees, of course.

The Tembec mill was the largest paper recycler in the province. Manitoba recyclers are now preparing to ship old newspapers outside the province.

"It's important that things be recycled as close as possible to where they're used and where the material is produced," said Randall McQuaker with Resource Conservation Manitoba. "Shipping stuff long distances really reduces the net environmental benefit of recycling."

Canada-based Tembec is a large forest products company, with operations in North America and France. The company has sales of approximately $3.5 billion and some 8,000 employees. While traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange, it recently recapitalized and has announced plans to de-list.

Submitted by Dallas Kachan on March 25, 2008 - 2:47pm.

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Submitted by Unregistered user (not verified) on March 25, 2008 - 5:26pm.

I need to react to your comment on the Cleantech blog. Tembec's decision does not mean that 200 000 more trees will be cut as we supply the mill from residuals coming from regional sawmills. It is in last resort that trees would be cut from the FSC certified forest we manage in Manitoba.

Richard Fahey
VP Communications Tembec

Submitted by Unregistered user (not verified) on March 28, 2008 - 10:22am.

Now wait a minute. I can't follow the logic in this story. If I read it right, the author suggests:

1. Media migrates from paper to electronic outlets
2. Demand for newsprint decreases
3. Decreased demand leads to lower prices for newsprint
4. Lower prices for newsprint lead the paper mill to discover that it's cheaper to use virgin lumber (or mill residuals) than it is to recycle newsprint.

I'm afraid that 4 does not follow from 3. If it is cheaper to make paper from virgin materials than to recycle, it doesn't matter how much you're selling the newspaper for - it's still cheaper to make it from virgin materials. If the fact that fewer people are buying newsprint means that there is in turn less used newsprint available for recycling, leading to higher prices for used newsprint, this could indeed tip the balance and make virgin materials a cheaper input than used newsprint. However, this is not the argument the author makes.

Virgin materials may be cheaper, but without more evidence it doesn't sound like we can blame this on migration to electronic media.

Submitted by Dallas Kachan on March 28, 2008 - 12:10pm.

I follow your reasoning. Clarification of a fact omitted from our piece above, but which appears elsewhere: the price of its recycled paper feedstock has been driven up by demand from China, according to Tembec.

Dallas Kachan
Acting Editor
Cleantech.com

Submitted by Unregistered user (not verified) on March 28, 2008 - 12:34pm.

Dallas, Thank you very much for your attentive reply. I appreciate you clarifying.

However, this still leads to a different conclusion than Tembec suggests. If the price of recycled paper feedstock is rising due to increasing demand, it doesn't mean that migration from newsprint to electronic media is causing increased demand for virgin feedstockfor paper production. Instead this suggests that demand for products made from recycled paper is high enough that many paper mills out there (in China and elsewhere) are switching to produce paper made from recycled feedstock, increasing the competition for and price of the recycled feedstock.

The conclusion I draw from this is that increasing consumer demand for products with post-consumer recycled content is causing more recycling. Some mills such as Tembec may not think that it is important to sell products with recycled content, but their competitors clearly do!

Submitted by Unregistered user (not verified) on April 12, 2008 - 5:23am.

I think someone is not up to speed on their math.
They say shutting down the recycle plant at tembec will cost the environment 200,000 more trees a year but really
it takes 15 to 17 trees to make a ton of paper. The recycle plant is capable of 110 tons finished .

17 trees x 110 tons paper =1870 trees per day x 365 days = 682,550 trees will be cut more by shutting down the recycling plant.

Really its 3 times more then what they are saying.

Submitted by Unregistered user (not verified) on April 14, 2008 - 3:31pm.

Thanks for the Info

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